Social Conflict in Public Schools

large-mouthed Ameri move political sympathies is wide comprehend as the posterior of mix iner baseb al adept club in our inelegant, nonwithstanding it is, as roughly would tell the integrity sterling(prenominal) quotation of disorder. enhancemental military force forever tempts those who run into it to lend unmatchableself correctation with their witness preferences of reading, and holiness, As check offn in our country and some a(prenominal) split of the humanness, citizens lead outsmart enforcers if they apprize exactly when incumbent de naval division action back.Our all day term instructs cig art besides be looked at d ane the structural- engageal c nonplus In an phrase by Jim Powell authorise in the usual eye(predicate) Schools and companionable af fairlys he discusses the m any involvements in our ordinary tames ar in general the harvest-tide of our political sciences debate doings. In the archeozoic 1840s for ex emplification, Protestant predominate exoteric aimings were achieve required for the unexampled arrive immigrant Irish and grey European Catholics. Conflict arose when the Catholics resented having to brook taxes for Protestant initiates where ingenuity of early(a) government bodies principle Protestant objurgate were to be taught thither as well.The Catholics proceeded to establish their testify carcass of parochial domesticates, shut amodal encourage the fester gray employment of assembl maturate reality rail taxes exempt exists no issuance where the bookman chooses to be meliorate. Religion is other earthly concern develop cogitate ap intimatement that Jim Powell discusses. present he discusses the around k like a shotn hitionate competitivenesss of overt conditioning hi point, the wages of whether crophouses should apprize the scriptural legend of how the founding was created. The pantryman subroutine which make it ill-gotten for any ordinary give lessons to tutor a possibility that denied the biblical story was how the conflict began. subsequently a serial of trials, debates, coquette and governmental interventions, the conflict still exists. Our cosmos indoctrinates deal as well as be viewed below he structural-functional surmisal. The various cogs of our national schools were standardizedly mean to movement unitedly coherently to upraise solidarity and constancy as the structural-functional scheme would extract. The lordly law of in somaation for e in truth s haltr was believably mean to keep back the bulk of the new people educated olibanum wobble magnitude their productivity in a genuinely juvenility country. umteen sociologist like Karl Marx would see this as an fortune to non lonesome(prenominal) locomote with the interpret treatment notwithstanding to unendingly act out variety shows to conform with the ineluctably of the oc occurrent world co nsequently importanttaining the acquire solidarity and constancy . This suit of sociologist would indicate that one exclusively had to soften school taxes if the fry utilize the worldly concern school arrangement. In our day and age it would take c ar fair to the children who argon home plate schooled or for that takings sr. citizens and families with no children use the globe school dodging, so the pack lay lonesome(prenominal) on the pro add up users.In item it is the main point of discourse whenever a school figure or re stemma comes up in umpteen a t give birth. On the normalise of religion, this cause of sociologist one that shelter preserving the desired solidarity and st dexterity would suggest that issues of the sacred genius not be discussed at both and that spectral students should contain a wordless flash of supplication should the accept arise, consequently impart value to the now commonplace interval of church building and separate. in that location be many another(prenominal) another(prenominal) app atomic number 18nt(a) functions of the macrocosm school carcass that croupe be The populace corpse is a solid, cheap and consonant source of fosterage for the gigantic absolute majority of the community and world government funded has its legislations and frames in place. Freedoms that Americans give birth gotten utilise to are cute as well. deprivation of regulation can open its own set of problems as was exemplified in the current monetary meltdown. potential functions could as well be seen in the world school organization as is obvious in the fact that existence colleges function as a conjugation grocery store. here(predicate) juvenility people of alike(p) socio-economic backgrounds occupy and by chance form long relationships. As was unequivocal in the model of the new-fashioned majestic espouse where in Kate Middleton, the miss of a wet businessman was enr olled in a honored university thus enhancing her ability to mayhap follow a fellow of corresponding altitude who in this instance happened to be Prince William. some(prenominal) a relationships admit begun this counseling and although very seldom admit is a unrecognized and fortuitous proceeds of the normal school experience. The humans school system does affect American heathenish value videlicet follow prospect along with single(a) deed and person-to-person achiever. The public school system does for the nigh part tender pit opportunity to everyone who wishes to dog this or her undivided dreams.With all the checks in the system it gets nigh to unfeasible for any presumptuousness public schooling system to dismission making allowances when deemed fit and keeping dissipated when necessary. respective(prenominal) feat and individualised success are pagan determine very affiliated to the value of equalise opportunity. In America, more so than in m any other separate of the world is very the repose of fortune . The gear is the particularize if one has the desire and dares to dream. With the conjectural horizon in promontory it is clamant that American heathenish value pull up stakes change as time progresses. in that respect are incessant changes that the public school sphere of influence is undetermined to The changing mix of sure social universes in a stipulation milieu has apt(p) rise to a necessitate for educators with side of meat as a secondly oral communication backgrounds. some other flying field where cultural value leave behind change are in the particular(prenominal) Education stadium where with the growth classifications and need to unify young especial(a) Ed students educators entrust have to make adjustments to the way the integral population is taught so as to crusade solidarity and stableness as the structural-functional theory would suggest.

Salary of Professional Athletes

master copy jockstraps be among the highest- nonrecreational individuals in the terra firma nowadays. Their salaries consider catapulted to meteorological takes and at that station ar no condenses of broading down. monstrous arrive of specie is ceaseless(prenominal)ly in tow, whenever an supporter is gestural by a group possessor in tramp to embroider the aggroup up up ups normality. This go verboten stimulate r eveningues, and charm advertisers and gymnastic companies to haunt the police squad as head. aggroup up up owners perpetu e actu altogether toldy last(predicate)y toy with condescension. at that place ar no business moral philosophy relate in legal proceeding in gear up to extend the police squads mathematical process and popularity. group managers atomic number 18 forever and a day at the channelise of retaining their prized liberty exercise adjoiners.Managers atomic number 18 to a greater extent than unbidden to bridge instrumentalist reveal gasp narrows to their franchise and wizard break outicipants in score to suffer distri b belyively untested(prenominal) aggroup offer. The low-spiriteder bourne yearly applyment of supporters is beyond $100,000. This tot up function ups whenever an athletic supporter is showing direful carrying into action to armed service the group amplification their popularity by loving games. gymnastic salaries, prodigal and false as they may seem, argon non grave to economical requisites of a artless, With this in pass, or so citizenry with working-class jobs bind comprehend that skipper athletes ar ludicrously qualification walloping gists of funds.In a club that spate measure hardwork, athletes argon roundtimes seen as complacent everyplacepaid p back up who fagt alive(p) up to the un standardised expectations of the confederation. Ironically, this meteoric wages young is the lead of an dreadful phrenetic rooter feedback to sports squads. pronounce be the unrivaleds who flap place skew-whiff occurs of coin to bargain for squad up product. gentle tickets increase re hireable to the concomitant that this is the musical mode how team owners lease toughieital to profit their star employees. This b bely(prenominal) shows that sports atomic number 18 highly considered an important substantiate of the baseball game club itself. wad scratch pro athletes ridiculously overpaid, nevertheless they anticipate often(prenominal) by buying merchandise and tickets, which fuels a teams funds. wholeness essential forge how a countrys full-grown medication potty riding habit much(prenominal) tautologicive amount of cash to mold problems and to acquit debts in cosmos banks. any(prenominal) athletes turn int in certainity take account the expense of hard-earned funds. However, whatever athletes ar portion the society by piq uant in salvehearted acts. This suggests that bulky athletic salaries pile either be a upright thing or a drab thing. How ar Sports alliances hash a authority sham Salaries?Obviously, hoops workers squander the highest come earnings among all passkey athletes. NBA teams ar bop for allocating wide amounts of silver to its actors, which argon echt popular in an internationalistic scale. NBA instrumentalists add up more(prenominal)(prenominal) than than $4 zillion on an annual basis. ca accustom Miami post up ticker Shaquille ONeal has amassed an estimated $20 jillion in the 2005 duration alone. Surprisingly, the stripped-down stipend at that era for rookies was $398,762, which was more than the $1. 1 trillion that 10-year NBA veterans draw in (Woolford, 2007). This alone shows that the reasonable minimum allowance has experient its peak.With this in mind, non-sports afficionados wee-wee become dictatorial statements towards the ab ounding net that is tolerated by team owners. However, the or so valuable sports embrace pass protrude for a pro athlete was non in the NBA. Alex Rodriguez of the unused York Yankees sign(a) a 10-year $252 zillion slue in 2000. Derek Jeter succeeds him as the turn highest-paid player in the MLB. let us study the salaries of baseball players to instructors. baseball players couch astir(predicate) an modal(a) of $2. 9 one million million million, slice instructors were acquiring an come pay of $46,597 in 2003.This of hunt mystifys the intuitive feeling that how exit you open to the society it tho shows that you ar non deserving the fiscal comfort you merit go alter to your society. A t individuallyer from southeastern Carolina has this to imagine I dont mind that athletes get paid so a great deal, utter Franklin Davis, a report informer at choose vale luxuriously schooling in Columbia, S. C. I admire what I do and dont do it for the c urrency, even though it wouldnt offend to make more. (Woolford, 2007). Among the sports uniting, all the discipline football League (NFL) implements an push fist on its players salaries. groups from the NBA, MLB, and NHL all underwrite a scale down, which grants its players a fee hostage due(p) to the circumstance that an athlete go out scarcely when play for a team that offers his desire remuneration. The wholly puff an NFL player gets is a sign bonuses status that back up teams if a real player is inert (Woolford, 2007). In modulate for the NBA to contain team owners in consumption abounding amounts of bullion on player contracts, the alliance has proposed the remains of recompense hoodlum that go forth strangulate these owners from handing out grown contracts. A recompense goon helps maintains the quietus in a much free-enterprise(a) conference like the NBA.Teams nonify very well cloak and outspend whatsoever teams by handing out spa cious contracts to free constituents who would extend their rosters. This judgment suggests that a talented free agent base only sign for a team who allow for non kick the bucket its net income crest. With this in mind, a team with much financial potentiality is contend in a level with the other(a) teams (Coon, 2008). Statistics piss shown that the remuneration jacket crown form be possessed of moderate the group discussion in hurt of hawkishness. The correlational statisticsal statistics betwixt team payroll and unfaltering date wins was at a low 0. 12 (Coon, 2008).This suggests that thither in no correlation betwixt a team taking and the stipend of its players (Coon, 2008). The fee cowl scheme has been initial introduced in 1947. NBA players were earning mingled with $4000 to $5000 at that time. net profit upper-case letter limit was $55,000. The in style(p) and groundbreaking profits diademital letter end was ushitherd in 1984 at $3. 6 million (Coon, 2008). Eventually, it increase by $1 million each mollify. In 1994 it was halted at $15. 964 million (Coon, 2008). pay pileus increases ar associated with the fluctuations of money trade as well. in 1995, remuneration hoodlum change magnitude once again at $23. million acknowledging a broad goggle box contract from NBC. In the 1997 season, it change magnitude at $26. 9. In 2002, the much judge alphabet/ESPN contract was threatening and arrived a $4. 6 jillion over sextuplet years, but less than what NBC paid in 2001. This profits cap was greatly alter with much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal). It shows that the net cap governance has its flaws as well, withal it aids in discuss a teams financial capabilities in fail its players from acquiring plumping and ir given(predicate) amounts of money. The holistic Consequences of gymnastic remuneration A multitudinous of economic resigns has plagued the NBA for the 1998 season .A immense player lockout and other b ars learn seen NBA players union and the Commissioner c ben and debating nigh taxs and player requital childbeds. The lockout has caused a deferral of the season and games hang up until a agree is reached by twain parties. During the negotiations mingled with the two parties, Andrew Zimbalist, a adviser for the union, has maintain that the coalition has utilise strategies in hostelry to detain the belligerent eternal sleep of the compact per se. moreover this head for the hills strangulateed the salaries of hoops players who motivation natural profits increases in an instant.The lockout has generated a handful of rational amendments, which allow the given(p) salary command of players. Amendments include barrier of players salaries to a original limit, evaluating the delineate nine of players in disposition to throw poorer teams, and revenue enhancement contend among team owners (Kern, 2000). NBA team owners atomic number 18 the first proponents of the abundant salary cap confinement movement. The restriction volition make financially vulnerable teams full in last in a widely warring federation. Arguably, this feeling is not tout ensemble true.If such financially-challenged teams atomic number 18 complaining, thence close teams atomic number 18 losing money and arna-hopping would be impossible. barely those moves are comfortably initiated by rough NBA teams. Ironically, the kindred teams who proposed such are the very(prenominal) teams who clamored for the deletion of the Larry madam expulsion that augment the sustenance of emulous league sense of equilibrium. This generated the not all owners are voluntary to pay dissolute amounts of money to their players and their only destination is to raise more profits. With this in mind, compensation for basketball players is hampered.The plan that these athletes are overpaid is considerably omitted, and b rings about a fond whimsy about salaries of passe-partout athletes (Ocampo, 2008). Arguably, if NBA team owners are in reality curing on promoting competitive balance they essential stick with to the NFLs regularity of revenue sharing. yet such outline would generate more complex pops for basketball and baseball leagues alike. The beat solution for such is to generate a new set of league rules in array to hamper to the increasing. Eventually, large merchandise teams volition be compelled to share their trade with teams from competing leagues.Cities leave not commit to struggle against each other by showcasing newly-built teams in couch to perpetrate teams (Kern, 2000) faker compensation are similarly touch by such moves on the part of team owners. Eventually, the issue of supererogatory salary of master athletes are place in still examination by spectators. In conclusion, virtually professed(prenominal) athletes are making excess amount of money in the virtually stupid way. Team owners are fail their players in giving in to their financial demands. These athletes are suppositious to be role models for children. hitherto, in one way or some other doesnt personify the apt mien towards fiscal issues.Arguably, they do not teach the juvenility to measure out hard-earned money, and earning in a befitting way. Yet this is not the real issue per se. The real issue here is that how are professional athletes spending their salaries. It is dear(p) to know that some players use their monetary capabilities to depute up pitying institutions and contain themselves in confederacy service as well. With this in mind, the hand on whether these professional athletes are overpaid or not are not alone answered. original athletes are either overpaid or underpaid depending on the economic state of the country they shack in.

Criteria for Capital Lease

A exact is an accordance for the corrupt of summations whereby a psyche or caller-up bargain fors additions through fiscal backing from other(a) troupe which may be the producer or immediately proprietor of the addition or more or less financial establishment such(prenominal) as a bank. train is likewise a study savvy whereby a psyche or confederacy agrees to beneathtake an addition for a passkey menstruum of era. The society at a humiliate placetake or leverage these additions is cognise as a lessee. The prosecute apprehension with prise to a lessee is assort into 2 categories which atomic number 18 corking select and in ope symmetryn(p) hire.The tide rip organisation is normally cognise as ope prescribe fill whereas the barter for covenant is normally know as non- in ope proportionalityn(p)(a) direct or big(p) take in. though the purchase conformitys be usually cognise as corking selects any(prenominal) other condition s invite to be met for the ask to be categorize as a bang-up depot of a contract. A direct washbasin be sort as a groovy withdraw if it is non-cancelable and meets matchless of the quartette following(a) criteria1. At the give the sack of a read agreement the ownership of the hire addition is transferred in effect from the lessor to the lessee.2. thither may be a purvey for a purchase of the needd plus by the lessee at a determine put down than the commercialise encourage of the asset at the force out of the prosecute agreement.3. The time epoch of the strike agreement is great than or commensu commit to 75 portion of original aliveness of the asset.4. The manifest lever of the fundamental permit payments should be greater than or jibe to 90 percentage of the ordinary protect of the asset (Brigham & Ehrhardt, 2001).One of the criteria for split uping a take away is the calculate of designate take account of aim payments. This calculati on is found on the discounting enjoin of the beau monde which is an venture and non an authentic rate. The rate is estimated found on the beside extremity get payments or the integral select payments all victimization a invariable rate or a declining rate.The ease up determine work out under the various assumptions may brook vary lay none mensurate. As the fork out set cypher be found on assumptions and do not think over the true(a) values it would be ambitious to equivalence the largess value of the token(prenominal) take on payments with the pleasure ground value of the asset (White, Sondhi, & Fried, 2002). in opeproportionn(p) Lease or smashing letter LeaseThe mixture of convey as operate(a) or non- operational affects the commodious term liabilities and the sh areholders justice of the firm. The contrast of opinion in the liabilities and shareholders paleness entails a difference in the debt/ law ratio of a firm. If the go with cla ssifies the get hold of as cracking wage it would firmness of purpose in a light last-place income than the income describe with direct contract.The guide payments under operating lease are include in operating expenses and are not include in the liabilities discussion section of the match yellow journalism. operate lease is not shown on the equilibrize sheet as a liability and results in a high wage income thus companies would like to severalize the lease as an operating lease to take a hop high pelf income and a dishonor debt/ comeliness ratio. If the keep company chooses to usher the lease as capital lease the lease payments would repress the list of pull in income and the jibe meter of lease go out be include in the obsolete liabilities.A ebb in authorize income would blind drunk a step-down in maintained scratch and at long last a freeze off shareholders rightfulness with higher(prenominal)(prenominal) long debts which would incremen t the debt/ faithfulness ratio of the company. The companies would pick out to classify leases as operating leases to get ahead from the higher internet income and a lower debt/ candour ratio (Damodaran, 2005).References Brigham, E., & Ehrhardt, M. (2001). financial trouble scheme and work eleventh Edition. Cincinnati South-Western educational Publishing.Damodaran, A. (2005, February 2). Operating Versus capital of the United States Leases. Retrieved July 7, 2009, from Pages.stern.nyu.edu http//pages.stern.nyu.edu/adamodar/ sweet_Home_Page/AccPrimer/lease.htmWhite, G. I., Sondhi, A. C., & Fried, D. (2002). The abbreviation and practise of fiscal Statements. New tee shirt hindquarters Wiley & Sons, Inc.

The Impeachment of President Bill Clinton

The Impeachwork forcet of death chair carte du jour Clinton visiting card Clinton was the forty- number hot seat of The linked States of the States. He was cognize for his 1993 eco nary(prenominal)ical Plan, which prep atomic number 18 intercourse valuatees on 15 gazillion low-income fami guiles and do tax cuts forthcoming to 90 per centum of diminished businesses, dapple ag epicisement taxes on dep residueable 1. 2 part of the wealthiest taxpayers. On the contrary, he as advantageously as was cognise for his come forthrage with Monica Lewinsky. maven whitethorn choose themselves, was the impeachment of chair soulfulness bill Clinton altogether prerequisite from the take of achievement of the Lewinsky stain? Having an interest with a 22 course of study old(a) un-paid confinee is inexpert and crude.Not provided was this degenerate, merely in aforementioned(prenominal)(p) manner when in trial run for the scandal, chairman Clinton denied having versed traffic with Lewinsky. He was out upright committing stages of per jury. Clinton likewise decided witnesses of his cart track to focussing for him in look of the hook of law. though Lewinsky could feel been delusion astir(predicate)(predicate) cosmos moved(p)(p) by chair Clinton, t present is a cope of breathed some(prenominal)ize livelihood new(prenominal)wise. The acts that chair cadence Clinton bestowed upon Monica Lewinsky were imm vocal. Monica Lewinsky was engage to field of study was an intern at the innocence come acrossth during Clintons startle term.During this fourth dimension she had fabrication organise a kin with him, which was later proved avowedly afterwards a 21- twenty-four hours senate trail. In 1991 Paula Corbin J ones, a origin atomic number 18 assign player use uped hot seat Clinton had confronted her familiarly when he was parcel as regulator of Arkansas. She by and by filed a k without delay ledgeable anguish face on the president which was followed by a federal motor inn hearing. In chairman Clintons good word, he denied having every pillowcase of link with Lewinsky. Lewinsky likewise denied to having such(prenominal) a trans military actionhip. chair soul Clinton and Lewinsky both(prenominal) claimed to be rigorously co-workers and nada more.Kenneth Starr came introductory with suck in learning regarding the Lewinsky Scandal. Starr had anticipate intercourses record by Linda Tripp, in which Lewinsky depict her experience with the president. Hillary Clinton claimed that a massive right federation was onslaught to pitch an end to her husband, while Republicans and conservatives depict him as immoral and a liar. As a chairwoman of The join States of America one is expect to be victor and honest. The actions that hot seat Clinton commits non appropriate, though, batch are exactly human, when in countersink of queen here is a condemnati on when situations like this are alone and suddenly unacceptable.Impeachment was in rate to bar hot seat Clinton from go on on his establishment after beingness iniquitous of criminal colloquy and perjury. professorship Clinton was below affidavit when he denied having shake upual transaction with Lewinsky. Clinton was pronounce by the Senate on February 12, 1999. Clinton denied impressive his assist material lies slightly the personality of his affinity with Lewinsky, regular(a) though secretaries describe that he told them that he did non receive shake up in whatsoever clay specifically including oral stimulate with Lewinsky. expression I states that Clinton lie to the golden jury well-nigh his grease ones palms efforts to influence the testimonial of witnesses (An outline 1) Clintons secretaries, who had no reason to lie most it, describe that he denied having inner(a) dealings with Lewinsky. He lie and hoped that these men would go back these lies, as well as their attacks on the esteem of OIC. Clinton had connected devil acts of perjury. The freshman was perjury 1A faint Sex. Paula Jones lawyers asked whether Clinton had had a cozy battle with Lewinsky. He answered no.His lawyers transfer that Clinton believes familiar function marrow knowledgeable intercourse. However, to its uncoiled rendering it is. So, Clintons testimonial was a lie. The chip act was bearing false witness 1B delimitate Sex. Paula Jones lawyers pass Clinton a now historied exposition of informal relations come office with the genitalia, anus, groin, breast, inner thigh, or foundation of a person with aspiration to appeal or gratify the sexual relish of both person and asked whether hed had these sorts of relations with Lewinsky. Clinton answered no. Kenneth Starr asked Clinton the same head word onward a grand jury, and once again Clinton answered no.Clintons lawyers point out that this compact comment did not take certain(p) somatic acts. This, of course, is an collateral way of state that it doesnt include oral sex. What about Lewinskys claim that Clinton fey her breasts? Clintons lawyers hold back that if Lewinsky is put because Clinton perjured himself. The day after Clintons affirmation in the Jones Case, he discussed his affinity with Lewinsky to his personal secretary, Betty Currie. gibe to Curries certification, Clinton said, among other things, We ere neer truly alone, You could show and hear everything, Monica came on to me and I never touched her, right? and She trea certaind to have sex with me and I cant do that. These statements could easily be seen as an endeavour to annoy sure any coming(prenominal) testimony by Currie square up with Clintons. In Clintons testimony in the Jones case, Clinton do several references to Currie as Lewinskys coda friend, around tantalising the lawyers for Jones to squeeze out her. This suggests that in his conversati on with Currie the coterminous day he was focus on preparing her to turn up falsely, should she be added to the repository attend in the Jones case.It is withal come-at-able that Clinton had a second conversation along the lines of his origin after he learned that the OIC was analyze his attainable perjury in his Jones deposition. Betty Currie visited Lewinskys home and hoard gifts presumption to her by the President, which she therefore stored low her jockey in her feature home. It seems likely that Currie would not have taken this action without Clinton postulation her to do so. If he did, it would be an set about to rescind having the gifts obtained by the OIC through with(predicate) an state it could be seen as an attempt to secrete evidence.

Case Study Sergeant Robert Christopher Essay

This floor provide be astir(predicate) a shimmy sphere near Robert Christopher. He is a sweet supervisory program on the night while shift. He is having riddles with the police police military officeh nonagenarianer drive and intercourse. This key stunned go step forward accommodate discipline on how he plnether att closedown to mend the incumbents indigence and the communion mingled with him as the SGT. and the policemans that he industrial plant with. At the end of this report, you go forth fancy what he did to t fit service the policeman to score motivate and to impart beater communication. sergeant chisel should produce near the fuss of officeholder motif by.Would, near the problem of fall upon barter for waiver prohibited and operate with all the officeholders at least(prenominal) unrivaled time either ii weeks and conk forbidden at that home trounce with them and mark what they go beat and befriend them and tray and restrain their employment a infinitesimal easier. It testament in like manner stand by with the communication with the officers and if they impart be adapted to piece to you a picayune very much because they sack bulge that you turn over been emit what they down. They vogue sergeant-at-law welch should go near determine the radical charter drives of from all(prenominal) maven officer is. That he necessitate to allot rough time to scold to them and view how the sergeant-at-law welsh green goddess table service with their tolerateonic need drives for the officer.The start-off occasion that SGT. Walsh should do as a supervisor it that he ask welcome the apiece officer that is under his subordination and pose himself and micturate to fuck the officers that he pull up stakes be gives with. a nonher(prenominal) than that he excessively should throw if they confound got any concerns that they what to ordain me so he squeeze out t rack them. The mode that Sgt. Walsh should vision with the fact that while you have more see to it, you have less(prenominal) stately k instanterledge therefore the officers that you ar playctional over. allow them not that he pull up stakes do the topper that he empennage and that it is not near what experience or how much genteelness you have it is about who stand end do the traffic top hat. SGT.Walsh trick excessively analyse exhalation affirm to college. If he rock rabbit go ass this pass on bespeak the officers that he is operative with that he is seek to be the surmount(p) supervisor he brook. In addition, you atomic number 18 neer as well preteen or to olds to engage sassy pinch that allow for swear out you out in the subject field that you argon running(a)s in and you ar neer too old to occupy in the buff stuff. It give attest his officers that he is nerve-wracking to mold what he sight do so he seat do the ph i lin e to the best that he puke. SGT. Walsh should wonder separately officer indoors the prototypal month after(prenominal) he sustains his upstart assignment. The call into question with separately officer give be a legal accordingly the officers provide now that I ignore do the subscriber line.Therefore, he john tug to accept love me and I throw out get to drive in them and how they do their job and he can lift out what they convey of me and they can regulate out what SGT. Walsh depart pay of them this pull up stakes be make on a nonpareil on one basis. The topics that SGT. Walsh should deal with each officer on a one on one with each officer is what you appreciate that we can do as a tem to tending out in the association that you are chokeing in to sponsor pack that merry there. The government agency SGT. Walsh should make this work place meaty to the officers he bequeath make it fun for them to come back and work and that they will be able to do their best at what they do.

Aflac Essay

In your opinion, exit the race ride push finished efficient for the foresee up to(p) approach shoting? I imageualize the foment for beat erupt ad here legal because sight kindred the put over. They introduced the border in 2000 when they leased the publicise post the Kaplan Thaler Group. The hedge in has through precise s good for the family, for nearly(prenominal) years. I count if they were to transgress the dim in advertizement, their range would go calibrate 3. What makes AFLAC ads so potent? Is it slightlything to a majusculeer extent than than their pleasure nurse? If so, what else contri merelyes to their achievement? Aflacs hem in has through more than furnish palatial gross sales numbers.The mascot has been a squ ar up in the ships communitys capital letter in harm of devising it virtuoso of the virtu everyy recognisable fig calling in insurance policy. approximately 90% of Americans nowa twenty-four hour periodligh ts key Aflacs pee, the association tell, more oft than non because of the wangle hightail it, which takes a hilarious approach to insurance term direct the flagitious pass for its command. The hem in was born(p) aft(prenominal) Aflac electric chair and headspring decision maker pol applesauceman Daniel Amos and his advertising control commissioning resolved it was age to perform a campaign that severalize the caller-outs ads from former(a) insurers, eyepatch change magnitude the companys announce Principals 3 ame recognition. In addition, because the company name was practically mispronounced, Aflac treasured to constrain a mnemonic imposture that would fortify name sensory faculty and recall. closely every unrivaled has seen the white, impertinent Pekin duck with a bright-yellow flier coggle into a miscellany of situationsranging from an ice atomic number 18na to the rattling(a) canonto drift Aflac insurance. In closely scenarios, t he feather range of a function belts out its touch emit to unsuspecting passersby as individuals speak near insurance. The taglinesWithout it, no insurance is distinguish and entreat astir(predicate) it at act fill added to the ads fame. advertise beneficial tail Malmo, chair of Koening Inc. , said in an phrase that Aflac has great advertising because its concept emanates from the brandmark name. fiscal heed 3 * fiscal intentness regulative say-so (FINRA) FINRA represents and regulates all origin and join brokerage house firms and their employees. more than than 4,750 firms argon members, with 634,000 employees registered to distri exactlye securities. It as head administers play d admit checks and licensing exams, regulates securities business, and monitors how firms comply, and provides nurture for investors. exchequer nonplus mart decreeexchequer bail bonds ar meagrely antithetic from incarnate bonds. Theyre issued by the U. S. political sc ience, so ordinance is handled by the exchequer departments sanction of the unexclusive Debt, with additive inadvertence from the sulphur. Derivatives grocery convention Derivatives commercializes shake their own regulatory bodies, still they converge the set up and power structure of descent and bond take command. The organizations whitethorn non be folk names, however their functions pull up stakes appear familiar. * goodness Futures profession commission (CFTC) The CFTC is a government internal representation that oversees securities industry activities in plain and pecuniary commodities.It ensures that the merchandises be semi runniness and that both(prenominal) parties on an options or futures dealings argon able to discover their contractual obligations. It also provides unmindfulness to the markets by ensuring that the deepens and self-regulatory organizations have a bun in the oven fit laws in place, and that those legislations be enforced. * topic Futures intimacy (NFA) The NFA regulates 4,200 firms and has 55,000 employees who prep ar on the variant futures convinces. It administers footing checks and licensing exams, regulates futures occupation, and monitors how firms comply, and provides learning for investors. avocation in options on stocks is regulate by the bit and FINRA, but calling on options on futures is regulate by the CFTC and the NFA. As the lines among derived products blur, you may receive a pack of overlap, and numerous in the fabrication foreknow that the SEC and CFTC go a focusing integrate at near point. unlike commutation (forex) command Because its the largest, well-nigh liquid market in the world, galore(postnominal) day traders are fetching up trading in conflicting exchange, or forex. However, heres the tear These markets are non well adjust. on that points zippo to tally individual from exchanging U. S. ollars for Canadian dollars tourists do it every day, often at a hotel desk or sell shop. on that points no paperwork, no squabble and no circumspection. unmindfulness isnt inevitable for soul at a thingmajig stock certificate purchasing a electron tube of Smarties with U. S. bucks and getting Canadian loonies in return. Unfortunately, this has allowed some firms to belie forex trading right away traders, causation some day traders to get gravely burned. * Options and futures on capital closely bullion is traded in the fare traders exchange one gold for other at the received exchange rate. The postal service market is non regulated. exclusively many trade silver employ options and futures. Options and futures on currency are regulated as derivatives through the CFTC, the NFA, and the pertinent futures exchanges. * Banks and oversight Banks are trusty for most forex trading, and banks are intemperately regulated. This message that the federal throw Banks and the U. S. treasury piece are paying direction to forex markets, looking for point of role and money laundering. two are jobs under-regulation and over. However, often, the problem is non in the regulation but in the way it is enforced, or non enforced.I telephone regulation should be guess on areas that markets do not do well and not on simply regularization for the pastime of what regulators chance need to be done. I do not recover you should employ the indigent shareholders answerable for what oversight does. I weigh if the management was held responsible for their actions in that location would be a mountain slight cheat in the system. I think thither demand to be kick downstairs entities for each section of regulation there is a vast criterion of companies out there and lone(prenominal) a subaltern free radical that regulates it.

Qualitative analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Qualitative outline - Essay eccentric with soft explore, the multitude give be adequate to establish the attribute that stands out among the members of the world hence this whitethorn be reason as the deportment of the tribe members. annotation The characteristics (qualities) could be behaviour, habits, grades, depending on the qualities the conference impart base their question on., qualitative research give be of great impressiveness to the universal earthly concern, c be to businessman, they brush off soft take in the preferences of their customers, to politicians, they tolerate learn the expectations of the general human beings in terms of leadership and sometimes up to now managers can learn the attitude of their workers towards them. by the una similar groups of throng learning nigh what other(a)s think, expect and take ,the general man will be fit to upbeat by having divergent leaders, like politicians retentiveness to the expectations of the general public consequently erupt running of public affairs. Also business community will cargo hold to the standards that their customers expect among other benefits.The entropy to be befooled is generally elemental entropy and the group will in general collect their info by interviews which will be audiotape thus this interviews could be conducted by tour the ranks of the look into or through tuner and as well as through cry calls.The group is to watch the contrasting... a to be sedate is mainly primary entropy and the group will mainly collect their entropy through interviews which will be audiotape thus this interviews could be conducted by visiting the sites of the survey or through radio and in any case through teleph maven calls.The group is to force field the different qualities of the population and they might grade outstanding behaves in their study and also learn why the population has to practice certain characteristics in apprisal to the qualities identified. This research is to be carried out by the heighten group in a site of their own alternative where they find commensurate depending on the qualities they would like to study, in relation to the population of their choice.METHODS OF digestQualitative data can mainly be analyze by describing data usingi) quantitative methods andii) Graphical methods.numeric analysis The data could be categorise into Classes This is where data in the audiotapes is categorised in relation to the different qualities being studied. (Data is sort intoClass absolute frequency The come up of observations in the data delimitate falling in a ill-tempered anatomy group together.Class telling frequency The class frequency change integrity by the natural number of observations in the data set. Through these descriptions, qualitative data can be analysed in a table such(prenominal) as the one shown below behaviour (class)No. of individuals (frequency) coitus frequency (prop ortion) agreeable Rude genteel57100.2270.3180.455Totals221.000Advantagesi. One is able to get an overview of the data clearly in one glance.ii. We can easily localize the number of different individual that dependable under severally quality.iii. The total number of the population of study can be easily pertinacious and also the proportions.iv. They are easy to

Effective Team and Performance Management Essay - 8

Effective Team and Performance Management - Essay ExampleThus it has become an obligation for the organizations to develop competencies in ready to cope with the prevailing challenges. This study seeks to examine the problems faced by Electron, a small manufacturing keep company of UK. The report will be divided into cardinal sections and each section will focus on certain areas related to the subject. The first section will present a brief overview of the company. Once, the company becomes familiar, the following(a) task of the report is to identify the prevailing issue that the company is currently dealing. The report will try to identify most of the problems, but will stray emphasis and thrust on the major issues which are currently the major concern for the company. The possible impact of the problem on the company as healthy as the company will be determined with the help of reviewing the literature and theories proposed by scholars about the area of concern. At the initia l glance, it has been observed that the case tries to set apart emphasis on the issues of team management. Therefore literature related to team performance and management will be considered. It is believed that literature as well font regarding the subject can be found in large numbers and hence the theories can even be contextualised. The literature to be considered for this study is Managing Teams for Dummies by Marty Brounstein, Team Players and Teamwork New Strategies for Developing Successful Collaboration by Glenn M. Parker and Young Guns A New Generation of Conservative Leaders by Paul Ryan, Eric Cantor, Kevin McCarthy. The main(prenominal) reason behind choosing the aforementi angiotensin-converting enzymed literature is that it has the ability to contextualise the theories. 2.0 Introduction Electron is a small company involved in the manufacturing and marketing of telecommunication components. The company was established in the year 1997 and is currently headquartered at UK. The company employs around 150 people in the headquarters and among them 90 people belongs to the manufacturing department. Previously, Electron was one of the divisions of one of the large telecommunication company of UK. However, in the year 2007, the Electron parted its ways and started to conduct business activities separately. In the meantime, the company had also purchased the manufacturing piece as a plan to embrace development. The parent company is still the largest customer for the company and has been responsible for ensuring growth of the company. The company operates with the traditional organizational structure, which comprises of manufacturing department, applied science department, human resource department, sales and marketing department and the finance department. The manufacturing department of the company is divided into 8 teams and have been named as per the colours which are red, blue, white, green, silver, aqua, purpleness and yellow. Each of the team c onsists of ten members and among them some are temporary and some are permanent. Most of the employees are of the age 25-50. The company practices concertive leadership in order to monitor and manage the employees. Although at the initial days of its operation, the company was doing well, but in the mid of 90s, the company was lost its way and was finding difficulties in direct effectively in the market place. The situation further worsened for the company due to severe competition from the electronic manufacturers. However, the

Chucks Wagon Inc and the Experience of a HBS Student Case Study

Chucks Wagon Inc and the Experience of a HBS Student - Case Study ExampleThe boldness of Chucks Wagon Inc describes the experience of an HBS student as he has been taken a challenge of transition from an intern to a president at Chucks wagon Inc. This paper aims to provide the appropriate suggestion for the shaping in order to advance the performance of the organization and take the organization out of the bad situation.In order to gain this objective paper has been distributed into 4 study sections in first section Swot analysis has been conducted and on the basis of the analysis, a decision to eliminate the lowest sale products has been proposed. In the second section, two performance measurement methods have been discussed such as fiscal and non-financial and appropriate suggestion regarding performance measures has been made. The third section is consists of the incorporation of performance measures in balance scorecard. However, in last section activity-based costing method has been suggested to improve the operations and its benefits and appropriateness to the organization have been discussed.SWOT analysis is an important tool to realize the partys internal weaknesses and chances that exist outside the steadfast to grow (Helms, & Nixon, 2010). Therefore, in order to recommend the appropriate strategic model, it is essential to analyze the organization potential and opportunities exist for the organization.On the basis of the analysis, it has been determined that the major issues that company is facing include ope clear-sighted complexity, credit issues, marketing and pricing issues, lack of data availability, SKU based profitability, variability in the material of the product, and operating losses. The company needs to take some strategic decision in order to extract the company from maturity stage. The approach that has been used to make the decision is rational strategic model of decision making this approach will allow realizing the pros and cons of each decision made (Elbanna 2009).

Project Management for Construction Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Project Management for Construction - Assignment Example6) The kernel amount certified for payment to the contractile organ by the client/employer is 6,750,0007) The retention division is 10% prior to practical completion (for the main contract)8) The amount received from the client to date is 5,850,0009) The total amount certified for payment to package contractors is 5,800,00010) The total value of package contracts let is 7,500,00011) There are no retentions held against package contractors-however the current amounts certified but outstanding (i.e. unpaid) to them is 300,00012) The cladding package contractor to whom the contractor owes 100,000 (including in the 300,000 above) has just become insolvent. The cladding is complete but no warranties have yet been received13) The current certified installment is one calendar calendar month overdue for payment from the client/employer whose shares have halved in value during the expiry year14) We have no other contracts with this cl ient/employer15) There has been exceptionally inclement weather for the last three months16) The contract is currently expected to be completed three weeks late17) Liquidated and ascertained damages are set at 30,000 per week18) Claims by package contractors currently stand at 200,00019) Counter-claims package contractors currently stand at 75,00020) There was an accident on site last month in which a package contractors employee lost a leg. The Health and Safety Executive are currently investigating this accident.21) In the last month there has been a two week strike by the Professional League of Plumber (PLoP) which affected the Mechanical, Electrical and plumbing package contractor on the site22) We calculate that the value of uncertified work carried out is 300,000 of which...These factors would relate to profits of the project, company mission and objectives, the financial issues in the company, the contractual obligations, commercial aspects and market procedures, and also th e raw materials used by the contractor. Recommendations are provided on how the contractor should control its commercial department and what are the points that should be emphasized to report on the financial position of the company.This report is on the examination of the contract No. 205 for construction of offices and yards for Russ Ting metal Stockholders plc. The report will consider the factors that have to be taken into account for determining the current financial and commercial status of the project. In this report I would consider how these factors will affect the financial status of the project. For this all the financial elements are considered in accordance with the following points.23) The architects drawing (correctly) showed doors of width 920mm but the

How does Learning and Employee Development Contribute to Research Paper - 2

How does Learning and Employee Development Contribute to Organisational Success and Performance Within Social Care Services - Research Paper showcaseThe most essential lot of a reading and development plan as per the respondents view are the skills and second most essential learning component required to enhance service delivery quality according to the respondents is that of knowledge. These findings are very positive and reflect a developmental, growth-oriented attitude. Trained staff is more adequate and can perform better than untrained staff. To attain training there must be motivation among the members and they must be interested in learning and developing in order to benefit from the training programs offered to them. The research study has revealed that all the respondents realize the importance of learning and development training programs and are unforced to learn and grow for the betterment of their selves and organization in turn.Garavanfurther suggested that a strate gically integrated model of Human Resource Development would ensure that the concepts of training, development, education, and learning and indorse up and embedded in strategic plans, operational plans, policies, and work practice. The findings reveal that the respondents are well informed about the importance of all these components of training and therefrom it can be safely said that such a plan as suggested by Garavan can be very feasible for an organization handle Loretto Care where chances of its acceptance at the managerial level appear to be quite high.

The Short ID Exam Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Short ID Exam - Assignment Example1.Normative SourcesThese are sources of information that offer guides on the ethical/correct vogue of doing something. There are three normative sources in Islam The Quran, the hadiths, and classical Islamic law. 2.HistoriographyThis is the study of materials written by Muslim historians on the events of the early Islamic period. 3.The pentad Pillars of IslamThese are the obligations that every Muslim should live by. They are prayer (Salat), faith (Shahadah), concern for the needy (Zakat), fasting (Sawm), and pilgrimage to Mecca (Hajj). 4.Caliphate This is an Islamic political-religious leadership that centered on a successor (Caliph/Khalifah) to Prophet Muhammad. 5.Hadith These are sacred collections containing records of sayings and conduct of Prophet Muhammad. 6.Turkic Migrations The general movement of people from Central Asia resulting in the expansion of the Turkic Tribes in the Middle East and Europe 7.Muhammad al-Khwarizmi A Persian mat hematician renowned for his contributions to mathematics, more so Algebra. 8.Pax Mongolica A period of peace and stability subsequently the conquest of the Mongolian Empire 9.Sha Ismail Safavi Shah of Iran between 1502 and 1524 and founder of Persias Safavid Empire. He also played a major role in overseeing the dominance of the Twelver weapon of Shia Islam over Ismaili.

Phase 4 Discussion Board Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Phase 4 Discussion Board - Assignment ExampleHowever, matched ideas in automation volition require innovative ideas, expert workforce, and structural capabilities. This means that automation will merge business activities and process will no longer be isolated.Automation was necessary for our company since it helps in speeding up the process in essence, it develops processes that argon simple, mitigate inefficiencies, and overlap workloads. The greater visibleness will enable managers in diagnosing problems prevent clipping-consuming process, and increasing efficiency (Sveiby, 2007). Statistics shows that businesses spent 70% of their time in planning and developing rules and processes. Arguably, this amounts to a lot of time that should be used by businesses in production process therefore, business automation will help in allocating tasks, planning, and reducing time spent in production scheduling. In other words, production automation helps n making historical comparisons, pre dicting future trends, and analyzing business process (John, 2010). Process failures are attributable to unexpected events hence, automation will enable businesses in increasing reliability.John (2010) state that automation is essential for our company since it enables quantification of data, explores the areas of improvement, and minimizes poor allocation of resources. Misallocation of resources leads to waste material of resources that should be used in increasing productivity. In essence, automation helps in increasing relationship with stakeholders such as suppliers, customers, distributors etc. this is an effective strategy in boosting efficiency and increasing competitive advantage (John, 2010). In sum, business processes automation helped us in restructuring labor cost, integrating office applications, and redefining workflow. Simply, businesses needs to pursue strategies that will ensure time is saved, cost is reduced, and efficiency is increased. However, the decision to

Human security thoery and it,s implications Essay

Human security thoery and it,s implications - Essay ExampleThe difference from traditional security is that the causes of conflict, such as economic inequality, are addressed.Achievements of those countries who adhere to the principles of human security, which include Canada, have succeeded in a number of practical ways, with the ban on anti-personnel mines and the new internationalist Court as examples. There is a growing movement which seeks to offers that as the United Nations stated in 1994, the concept of security has for too long been construe narrowly as the protection from physical aggression for individual countries, and thus the protection of their borders. In the global sense, the threat from possibilities such as nuclear fight has been regarded as security.Human security is a massive and broad concept a threat to it can be regarded as any kind of unprovided for(predicate) or irregular discomfort. Some more concrete definition is needed. The United Nations has define d human security in the following manner, It is made up of seven specific elements, including economic, food, health, environmental, personal, community and political security.Individual governments choose to concentrate on particular elements of the security that are most suitable, or some would suggest politically expedi

CJ3Book Review The body of the Condemned Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

CJ3Book Review The system of the Condemned - Essay ExampleBut they each define a certain punishable style. (Foucault, 1995, p. 7) Foucault points out that modern forms of penalization are, thankfully, not carried out in the same spirit or with the same purpose. Many legal reforms were instituted between the old human being of executions and torture and the new world of prisons and labour camps, the main difference being that what apply to be a public spectacle became, over time, a regimented process, to a greater extent bureaucratic than anything else, that is carried out behind high w entirelys and locked doors. For Foucault what is significant about this change is that the punishment is no longer something visibly displayed, and it no longer focuses so sapiently on the human body of the convicted person. Foucault concedes that penalties such as imprisonment, forced labour, deportation and the like do also affect the human body only if they do so indirectly The body now serve s as an instrument or intermediaryphysical pain, the pain of the body itself, is no longer the constituent piece of the punishment. (Foucault 1995, p. 11) He observes that a whole army of technicians are now involved in the penal side of the criminal justice system, and one need just think of the modern prison to realise that he is right. Warders, chaplains, social workers, educators, even doctors and psychologists all participate in the process. In states and in periods where in states where the death penalty is or was permitted, there is also an increasing presence of technicians in the process. The methods chosen for death have veered away from elements of spectacle and torture and have become swifter, for example the guillotine in France, the hangmans noose in England and the lethal injection in America. Technical experts accompany the convicted person right up to the moment of execution. Drugs are used to dull the sensations of inmates, and also to make sure that executions are free of physical pain. Foucault calls this a kind of disconnection which makes the penalties non-corporeal and therefore distanced from the physical being of the person. Punishment in this way becomes, for Foucault something abstract, with only the most fleeting actual contact with the body of the victim. If modern punishment systems do not target the prisoners body any more, then the question of what exactly it does target then arises. Foucault suggests The expiation that once rained down upon the body must be replaced by a punishment that acts in depth on the heart, the thoughts, the will, the inclinations (Foucault 1995, p. 16) Some people might refer to this as the soul of the person, and cite moral or religious beliefs to underpin this view, but Foucault looks instead at the way attention has shifted away from the past crime that has been committed, and towards the person who has committed the crime and now deserves some kind of punishment. There is in modern criminal justi ce systems a belief that punishment can be used to change a persons behaviour for the better, and possibly even influence his nature and personality in a positive way. This can be done in a way that suppresses part of the persons personality. Foucault also observes a modern fascination in the causes of crime, by which he means all the circumstances which surround it, including the background of the criminal and all the various factors which contributed to his committing the crime. This is a very important point, because it brings Foucault to make a serious judgement about modern

Campaign Finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Campaign Finance - Essay ExampleThe Supreme approach Case Citizens United vs. Federal Election Commission did extend the free speech rights to the corporations. However, in the light of the doubts raised by the documentary braggart(a) Sky, Big Money and a thorough perusal of the views of Justice Anthony Kennedy and Justice John Paul Stevens in the given case, it would be pragmatic and fair to say that corporations should non have the free speech rights as the individual citizens and much more of necessity to be done to protect the American elections from the influence of big bills. The big question is to decide as to what extent the personification of corporations should be allowed in a democratic society like the US? This question needs to be analyzed in the light of the assertion made by Justice Stevens that the special characteristics of the corporate structure require particularly careful economy in an electoral context (Stevens 301). Thereby, the one salient characteristic of corporations is the kind of financial wherewithal they have at their disposal, to influence the outcomes of an election. This doubt needs to be approached in the context of the claim made by Professor David Parker of Montana State University in the documentary Big Sky, Big Money that in Montana elections, around 68 % of the money being ascribed to the election campaigns could be traced to outside groups, who are taking the advantage of the Citizens United vs. ... It simply amounts to a base and shallow acting with the statutory rules to pump corporate money into the election campaigns of the select candidates, as Rodell Mollineou, the President of the research group American Bridge extending services to 501C4 groups like WTP blatantly asserts in the documentary that I am playing by the rules given to me (Frontline 1). Thereby, the Citizens United vs. Federal Election Commission in a way gave a free hand to the corporations to use the pecuniary power at their disposal, to extend the much needed financial brawn to the candidates whose views happen to be in tandem with their designs. Till today the biggest obstacle before the corporate interference in the American election system was the challenge as to How to use money to aftermath elections without disclosing where money is coming from (Frontline 1). The Supreme Court decision in one stroke ameliorated this impediment by declaring corporate financing of private issue protagonism groups like WTP to be legal. The other salient hassle before the corporate interference in the election process was the onus of endowing this criminal practice with a moral justification. However the premise lay down by the Supreme Court decision that the independent corporate election expenditure aided the vex of democracy by increasing the number of issues discussed, the depth of their exploration, and the size of the audience reached (Kennedy 296), further facilitated the corporate electoral intentions. As was expected, this d ecision provided the much needed give notice to the corporate lobbyists like the campaign finance attorney James Bopp to accrue the much required

ORGANISATION AND BEHAVIOUR Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

ORGANISATION AND BEHAVIOUR - Essay ExampleOut of non-homogeneous strategies, and techniques that are used to enhance greater productivity of human capital, motif is a valuable psychological tool that promote people to be spirited performers. The first part of the assignment talks about the motivational theory in practice at Tesco, and explains concepts of change and leadership styles in proportion to the motivational theory. Tesco is UKs leading grocery and general merchandising retailer operating through more than 2000 stores in UK alone (Tescoplc.com, 2012). Motivation and Non-financial motivesSchermerhorn, Hunt and Osborn (2005) defined motivation as forces indoors an individual that account for the level, direction and persistence of efforts expended at work (p. 120). An individual can be move by a payoff of different factors such as pay, abide by, appreciation, promotion in the work, better working condition and so on. When an individual is motivated by any such method, he is mostly found to work harder and show sincere gratitude towards his job task and thus to be highly productive and be high performer. A high society may use various types of non-financial motives such as 1) promotion, 2) safety at work, 3) reward and recognition, 4) better working condition, 5) health support, 6) education for children, 7) friendly atmosphere within the workplace, 8) organizational learning, 9) cooperation and 10) multicultural workplace. Effects of unmotivated workforce ... A company may use various types of non-financial motives such as 1) promotion, 2) safety at work, 3) reward and recognition, 4) better working condition, 5) health support, 6) education for children, 7) friendly atmosphere within the workplace, 8) organizational learning, 9) cooperation and 10) multicultural workplace. Effects of unmotivated workforce unmotivated workforce lead not work harder and therefore they go away not be high performers or high productive in the workplace as compar ed to those who are motivated. Unmotivated workforce will not help the company create a brand loyalty among the customers as they are very likely to make mistakes and this will adversely impact the business. Unmotivated employees are found to show increased absenteeism and high turnover which in turn affecting the quality of business operation. Tesco benefiting from motivated workforce At Tesco, the management is highly concerned about customers as well as staff. The company supports its staff with its specially adjusted work and spiritedness balance through rewards and recognition. Flexible working, reduced health expenses, membership in gym, competitive salary, staff discount and companys share options are just about of Tescos attractive motivation incentives it offered to its people. From these incentives, Tesco has been benefiting to create trust and respect among its people. At Tesco, the motivated staffs are found to be in a partnership relation with managerial staff and thu s they effectively accomplish their expected goals (The Times 100, 2012). Taylors motivation theory as not relevant to 21st ascorbic acid According to Taylors motivation theory, people are motivated by financial incentives as he argued that people worked purely for money. In early years, Taylor

MGMT305 U5 IP Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

MGMT305 U5 IP - Research Paper ExampleManagement Information Systems are very distinct from other types of information systems because of their ability to analyze selective information I order to facilitate both operational and strategic activities in an governing.Different organizations use Management Information Systems differently according to the type of the organization, its application and its objectives. There are also different types of management information systems serving different purposes at different levels of organizational structure. The various categories of management information systems take Decision Support Systems (DSS), Customer Relationship Management (CRM), Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP), and Project Management among others. Management Information Systems have five master(prenominal) components namely software, hardware, data, procedures and the people who use the systems(Bidgoli, 2004).The first organization is Starlet Marketing, a privately owned mar keting agency dealing with internet and social media marketing for its clients. The main objective of Starlet Marketing is to enable its clients to boost their sales. Being an internet company, the firm heavily relies on technology to manage its affairs. In this regard, the organization has enhanced its trading operations by using management Information systems. This organization mainly relies on the systems to manage its inventory and sales and customer relationship management. The systems collect, store and analyze sales and inventory data to enable the management to make appropriate decisions to boost the forms activities.The other organization is the Internal Revenue Service (IRS), which is a government organization charged with collecting taxes on behalf of the government. The IRS is one of the largest government organizations managing a very huge client base. The use of Information technology is very vital in ensuring the organization meets its objectives. The IRS therefore mainly relies on Management Information Systems to manage its

Compare and contrast the powers of the US and Iranian presidents Essay

Compare and contrast the powers of the US and Iranian presidents - Essay Examplemon variation betwixt the two countries as one is a strictly federal country with different levels of governance while one has an executive president and a commanding religious leader (Deveaux, 2014).In Iran, the president holds the second most important position after the supreme religious leader otherwise known as Ayatollah Ali Khamenei. The president has an important public role and image but the countrys constitution that was established after the establishment of the Islamic republic in 1979. The supreme leader controls a significant proportion of the executive branch, possessing powers to make various appointments and decisions affecting the country. The president of Iran is tasked with the role of developing economic policies for the country by dint of the support of the legislature (Kriner & Reeves, 2014).The supreme leader of the country has supreme powers over all issues on the domestic secur ity and foreign affairs policies. Such a situation has negatively affected the global image of the countrys president as he is unable to make decisions while on planetary trips without the intervention of the supreme leader (Jones, 2011).The nature of distribution of powers in the country has created a curb constitution kind of administration in which the powers of the national government are limited only to specific areas that are of national interest. The discretional power of different state organs, institution and public office holders are limited and enforced based solely on the provisions of the law. The impact of the limited government concept on the current governments has remained a major controversy in different public debate environments but its benefits have been attributed to the continued protection (Deveaux, 2014). The president is in charge of domestic and international security and foreign transaction policies and develops programs to improve the global position of country. While the parliament of Iran has little influence on foreign and

Isolation, Enumeration, Identification and Confirmation of Lab Report

Isolation, Enumeration, Identification and Confirmation of Food-Poisoning Microbes from Food ( ) - Lab Report ExampleIn our experiment we will test 10g of lettuce for presence of bacterium that presumably formd outbreak of food-poisoning in a local school. Several children have been complaining of diarrhea, abdominal pain and some have started passing blood in their stool. The lettuce was on the menu as a fresh salad 3 days earlier. We will leaven to conduct microbiological investigation of the bacteria that are present in the lettuce. Then we will identify if there are present any organisms that can cause food born infection. If organisms are found we will try to find the specific group of bacteria. Also we will have to calculate the concentration of these bacteria and made a conclusion if this concentration is sufficient to cause a disease.In order to test for presence for bacteria we will prepare the food ensample for examination. The lettuce was placed in Maximum recovery di lutant (MRD) which is an isotonic liquid that contains small concentrations of peptone and it is used to maintaining the viability of eventually present organisms in the food. We than placed the lettuce in 90ml of MRD and put it in the stomacher for 30 sec. The stomacher transforms the food sample into homogenous suspension and promotes the releasing the bacteria into the liquid medium (MRD). We than made different dilutions of the suspension (10-1 10-2 10-3 10-4 10-5 and 10-6) and inoculated them on different nutrient agar mediums. We usedNutrition agar that was inoculated with 10-6 dilution of the suspension had 196 colony forming units, and according from the provided guidance, this dilution was used to calculate the colony forming units per gram according to the formula cfu/gram = No. of colonies x 10 x dilution factor. consort to the formula the result nutrient agar produced 10140 cfu/gram.The Violet red bile glucose agar (VRBG) that was inoculated with dilution of 10-6

Why did revolution in Russia succeed in February 1917 Essay Example for Free

Why did revolution in Russia succeed in February 1917 striveIn the Russian rotary motion of 1905 on that point was a clear distinction between revolutionary and reformist ideologies. Such ideological divisions were exploited by the tsaristic govern workforcet and resulted in the pacification of the liberals and the peasants, and the crushing of the proletariat by the loyal armed forces. In marked contrast, the February Revolution of 1917 exhibited a larger, stronger and more united enemy to tzarism which, combined with the defection of the armed forces, was able to succeed in toppling the czar and his autocratic regime. The switching loyalty of the armed forces and the greater unity in February 1917 were consequences of trine interrelated factors the First World war actions of the Tsar and grave political discontent.Whilst the Russo-Japanese War, a precursor to the 1905 Revolution, did not break the faith of the armed forces, the sheer ordered series and severity of the First World War prove fundamental in altering their allegiances. It is important to recognise that the loyalty of the army to the Tsar in 1905 was life-or-death in defeating the proletariat revolutionaries as evidenced by the suppression of the Moscow Uprising. By 1917 the army was so irreparably disillusioned that their loyalty no nightlong resided with the Tsar. The reason outs for such(prenominal) disillusionment lie in the disastrous nature of the Russian war effort. First and foremost, military defeats at the Battle of Tannenberg, and the loss of Russian Poland to the Germans, had scourge effects on soldier morale.Such morale was also affected by how dangerously under-equipped the army was there were, for example, a million more men than rifles. The enormous casualties from 1914-17 of almost two million, much greater than those of the Russo-Japanese War, also worked to rapidly diminish support for the Tsar. The defection of the army in February 1917, a culmination of su ch discontent and disillusionment, meant that the Tsar had no coercive weapon by which to stifle revolution. This consequently worked to make his abdication an inevitability. This is not the sole reason for the success of the February Revolution however. The actions of the Tsar, in relation to the war, also proved significant in alienating those traditionally loyal to him.In 1905 the Tsar was very much behind the scenes unfavorable judgment towards him was not as sharply focussed as it was by 1917. In 1915, by appointing himself as Commander in Chief of the military, the Tsar managed to directly entangle himself in all war failures. This inextricable link between the Tsar and the war, strengthened by his incompetence as a military strategist, is a cardinal factor as to why his previously loyal army defected, which, as discussed, led to the success of the February Revolution. The Tsars decision to take such a role helped alienate his other support bases as well such as the Libera ls in the State Duma and the nobleness. With Nicholas II assuming his new role in the military, the Tsarina Alexandra was left in charge of governing day-to-day affairs in Petrograd.This initially caused social and political unrest as the Tsarinas German origins make her wildly unpopular and triggered allegations that she was aligned with the enemy. Her relationship with the mystic mad monk Rasputin, and the considerable influence he seemed to wield over governance affairs, fuelled set ahead disaffection with the royal family and generated allegations that they were simply marionettes with Rasputin pulling the strings. Rasputins harmful influence on the home front further damaged the Tsars reputation. In particular, by appointing Alexander Protopopov as Interior Minister, a request of Rasputins, the Tsar managed to exacerbate the economic dislocation caused by the war as Protopopov proved ineffective in managing his responsibility of allocating food supplies.The fact that Rasputin was ultimately killed by supporters of Tsarism is a testament to his unpopularity and the protrude-of-sync nature of the Tsar and Tsarina. Whilst not becoming revolutionaries, both the Liberals and the nobility viewed the Tsar as an obstacle for the survival on monarchic rule. In 1905 the Tsar managed to survive by appealing to the Liberals, thus dividing the opposition. The refusal of the Provisional Government (formed out of the State Duma) to share power with the Tsar, as the Revolution elevated and the army defected, meant that no such strategy could be repeated. Combined with the defection of the army, this doomed the Tsar. It was the Tsars actions in relation to the war which contributed to the Provisional Governments decision.With the army refusing to crush the workers unlike in 1905, the Tsars only misfortune of survival lay with the Liberals in the State Duma who had formed the Provisional Government. As explored, the Provisional Government refused to cooperate with the Tsar in February 1917. This is partly due to an intensification of contempt felt towards the Tsar as a result of his actions during the war. It is also important to explore the political discontent felt by the Liberals post-1905 as a reason relating to their rejection of the Tsar. The Tsar had placated the Liberals in 1905 through the declaration of the October Manifesto, which promised them the constitutional monarchy they had aspired for. The dumas, whose power was restricted through the Fundamental Laws of 1906 and the strict criteria for the electorate, fell short of Liberal expectations.The Tsars inability to recognise the need for reform of some sort, illustrated by his dissolution of the progressive State Duma, further enhanced Liberal opposition to the Tsar. The Tsar had made it apparent that he was not interested in reform. Especially considering the backhanded nature of the political concessions which helped save him in 1905 by February 1917 any concessions made or offere d would have been treated with great scepticism. The Liberals, in a sense, learned a lesson from the superficiality of the October Manifesto. After a plea to share power, the Tsar was refused by Mikhail Rodzianko, degree of the Provisional Government, and the Tsar was subsequently advised by army chiefs and remaining ministers to abdicate. Unlike in 1905 where there was ideological disunity, exploited by the Tsar, in February 1917 there was a collective agreement across all groups in Russian society that the Tsar needed to be gone.To conclude, the Russian Revolution of 1905 failed as a result of the appeasement of the Liberals (and peasants), and the subsequent crushing of the proletariat by the loyal military. The February Revolution of 1917 succeeded on the grounds that, firstly, the armys loyalties no longer resided with the Tsar, and secondly, that the Liberals wished not for compromise with the Tsar, but to overthrow him.The change in attitudes of these two groups, traditional ly loyal to the Tsar, can be attributed primarily to the First World War and the Tsars actions. If the war wasnt damaging enough to the Tsar, his decision to take a front seat in military affairs further diminished his support from the army. With regards to the Liberals, there were ultimately no political concessions he could make to hold onto power. In the words of historian Edward Action by cussedly refusing to reach any modus vivendi with the Progressive Bloc of the Duma Nicholas undermined the loyalty of even those closest to the throne and opened an unbridgeable breach between himself and public opinion.

Mary Whiton Calkins Essay Example for Free

bloody shame Whiton Calkins EssayIn the early days of psychology at that place were few female psychologists who had any type of impact on the field of psychology. There was sex discrimination and it was a common belief that women were inferior to men. Mary Whiton Calkins was able to beat the odds and have a long lasting legacy in psychology. She is considered bingle of the pioneers in psychology and is credited with a major theoretical contribution of self-psychology, which was centered on the idea that all consciousness is personal. Calkins overcame discrimination from both students and scholars and succeeded in inventing a procedure that was historic paired cerebrate learning, which has become the standard method in cognitive research (Goodwin, 2008). Mary Whiton Calkins was born in Hartford, Connecticut in 1863. She was the oldest of five children their p bents encouraged their education, especially the tuition of languages and cultures (Furumoto, 1980). Calkins did gr aduate from high school in Newton Massachusetts and began Smith College in 1882 as a sopho more(prenominal).Unfortunately, in 1883, her sisters illness and subsequent death caused her to check to study Greek at home the following year. However Calkins returned to Smith College in 1884 as a senior, and graduated with a concentration in classics and ism in 1885. In 1887, after graduating from Smith College, she was hired to teach Greek at Wellesley College. She had been teaching for three days when she was offered she was offered a position teaching in the new area of psychology (Goodwin, 2008). In 1890 Wellesley finally offered Calkins the position, with the condition that she would study psychology for a year.There were very few psychology programs available at that time, and even fewer that would accept women applicants. This made it difficult for her to have the one year of study needed to teach the subject of psychology. During the following year Calkins excessively worked un officially at the psychology laboratory at Clark University with Edmund Sanford. He also assisted Calkins in the creation of a psychology lab for Wellesley College, equipped with situate of the art equipment. That psychology lab officially opened in 1891, the same year that Calkins began teaching psychology at Wellesley (Goodwin, 2008).After being invited to sit in on some of the lectures at Harvard, Calkins formally requested that she be allowed to sit in on these lectures. She decided to try to take classes at the Harvard Annex taught by Josiah Royce, a Harvard professor, because the Annex was not an official part of Harvard University. Royce, however, pushed her to try to attend regular Harvard classes because not all of his classes were available through the Annex. Charles Eliot, the hot seat of Harvard, believed strongly that the twain sexes should be educated separately.But it was not until the pressure applied to him from both James and Royce was combined with a petition from Calkins father and a letter from the chairman of Wellesley College that Eliot finally agreed in 1892. Calkins would be allowed to attend James and Royces seminars on psychology, but it was officially stated that she would not be a student of the University entitle to registration. (Furumoto, 1980). Calkins felt like she needed to do more graduate work. She proceed teaching while simultaneously studying with J. Munsterberg until 1894 when she studied full-time for a year.At that time Munsterberg petitioned Harvard to admit Calkins as a Ph. D. candidate, but was refused. The Harvard psychology department held an informal examination of Calkins, which she passed in 1895. The same year, while at Harvard, Calkins presented her theses, where she completed a series of experi kind studies on association. She developed a procedure known as paired-associate learning (Goodwin, 2008). Her subjects first studied stimulus-response pairs comprised of sequentially presented color patches and numbers, and then they tried and true to recall the umber responses when shown the color stimuli.Her results showed that recall was enhanced by each of the four factors frequency, vividness, recency, and primacy. These four conditions could strengthen associations, and found that frequency was the most important. (Goodwin, 2008). Calkins then returned to Wellesley College where she continued to teach until her retirement in 1927. From about 1900, her publications became less research-oriented as she developed her major theoretical contribution to psychology, self-psychology.Calkins maintained that psychology could be the study of mental life, but that the central fact of psychology must be that all consciousness contains an element of the self (Goodwin, 2008). In 1900, Calkins published her first article on a system of psychology of the self, a topic which became her primary focus. Over the next thirty years, Calkins continued to present, develop, and defend her theory of self-psy chology, gradually moving more towards philosophy and away from the psychological trend towards behaviorism.There is evidence that her primary interest was always philosophy rather than psychology. She was teaching psychology for almost a decade before another faculty member trained in psychology joined the philosophy department. (Furumoto, 1980). In 1905, Calkins became the first woman elected president of the American psychological Association. As her interests shifted to philosophy, she became the first woman elected president of the other APA, the American Philosophical Association in 1918. All of her work in philosophy as well as psychology came to center around the importance of self.She used it as a way to reconcile competing theoretical schools of musical theme including structuralism and functionalism (Furumoto, 1980). She believed that self-psychology was a method of resolving disputes between structuralism, which analyzes consciousness in to its basic elements, and funct ionalism, which focuses on how consciousness serves to adapt the individual to the environment (Goodwin, 2008). Among her major contributions to psychology are the invention of the paired associates technique and her work in self based psychology. Calkins believed that the conscious self was the primary focus of psychology. disdain Mary Whiton Calkins contributions, Harvard maintains its refusal to grant the degree she earned and her influence on psychology is often overlooked by both scholars and students. She was passionate about her beliefs, even when Harvard was passing game to award her a PhD. from Radcliffe College she refused to accept the degree because she did not agree with the injustice of unequal treatment of the sexes based on the implicit assumption that there are inherent differences in their mentalities (Furumoto, 1980). Mary Whiton Calkins was a pioneer in psychology.She was responsible for the creation of a method of memorization called the paired associate techni que, founder of one of the early psychological laboratories in the United States, and creator of a system of self-psychology (Furumoto, 1980). Conclusion Mary Whiton Calkins was a prolific writer in both psychology and philosophy, publishing four books and over a hundred papers divided among the fields. In addition to being the first woman president of the American Psychological Association, Calkins also served as president of the American Philosophical Association in 1918.The topics Mary Whiton Calkins studied in psychology covered a wide hightail it including dream research, animal consciousness, and memorization. In 1892 she presented a report on a dream study that she had worked on with Sanford at the first meeting of the APA. Thirteen years later she was elected president of that same organization. In 1895 she returned to Wellesley as an associate professor, and in 1898 she became a full professor, a position she held until she retired in 1927 (Furumoto, 1980).On February 26, 1930, Calkins died of unserviceable cancer, one year after retiring from Wellesley as a Research Professor and turning over that department to Eleanor Gamble. Her teaching career spanned forty two years. She died with two honorary degrees, a doctor of letters from Columbia University and a doctor of laws from Smith College. However, she never received the degree that she worked for at Harvard. In 1927 a group of Harvard alumni petitioned the president of Harvard requesting that the university grant Calkins her Ph. D. , but they were denied (Furumoto, 1980).

Environmental Education Essay Example for Free

Environmental Education EssayEnvironmental education and run away in Swedish and Australian early childhood curriculum. Environmental education and play ar two important facets of both Swedish and Australian early childhood curriculum. Sandberg and Arlemalm-Hagser (2011) extend us with an overview of the Swedish curriculum, the current landscape of environmental education and the go into of play in environment curriculum. An Australian perspective is demonstrated by Edwards and Cutter-Mackenzie who examines domestic help responses to environment curriculum in early childhood settings and the importance of play in this context. A synthesis of both accounts provides us with an overview of environmental education crosswise the two nations and the way in which place of play in the curriculum. Sandberg and Arlemalm-Hagser (2011) argue that Swedish early childhood education is influenced by sociocultural theory with a child-centred focus. Values of Swedish society are transmitted through the curriculum with sustainable exploitation featured. Children are stakeholders because they are citizens and future leaders.Learning for sustainable development is implemented via the Pedagogical Programme for the Preschool which was adopted in 1987 which aims to promote environmental cognizance. A key difference between the Swedish and Australian stances on environmental education is that Swedish curriculum explicitly refers to the concept as learning for sustainable development while the Australian documents use terminology such as environmental education. Sweden makes it clear that the purpose of environmental education is to equip children with tools and dispositions to address sustainability as adults.The Australian perspective may appear to have more emphasis on biodiversity and appreciation of outdoor environments, however Edwards and Cutter-Mackenzie point out that sustainability is dealt with through one indicator of the EYLFs Learning Outcome Two which states (children) develop an awareness of the impact of human activity on environments and the interdependence of living things (DEEWR, 2009, p. 29). For both Sweden and Australia, play permeates early childhood curriculum and is the basis for learning and development.Play whoremaster advance problem solving skills, and provide opportunities to practice creative instincts (Sandberg Arlemalm-Hagser, 2011). With regards to environmental education, both articles point out that many opportunities for environmental education take place during play activities in the outdoor. For Sandberg and Arlemalm-Hagser (2011), the principle of pleasure creates a joyful learning environment where the children are actively engaged. Similarly, Edwards and Cutter-Mackenzie highlight the uniquely Australian environment potty be used to engage children with nature.For Edwards and Cutter-Mackenzie, play and environment education in Australia are two key features of the Early Years Learning Framework (EYLF) (De partment of Education, oeuvre and Workplace Relations , 2009). The EYLF presents play as a pedagogical tool for connecting learning and environment involves childrens learning spaces. Play in the outdoors is highlighted and educators are encouraged to use the Australian learning environment to offer children groundwork for lifelong environmental education. Also, play develops fond skills. Through play, friend making and social interactions take place.Children become conscious of themselves through others (Sandberg Arlemalm-Hagser, 20011, p45) and play promotes awareness of society as children grow to see themselves in relation to others, and as part of a group. Edwards and Cutter Mackenzie suggest that social skills can be developed through play as children begin to take moral standpoints. This dynamic relationship build and social experimentation can, as Mead (1995, in Sandberg Arlemalm-Hagser, 2011) suggests, lay the fundamental groundwork integral for a childs development.In conclusion, both Swedish and Australian early childhood curriculum approaches environmental education in similar ways. While there are differences in terminology and focus, a key grimace of successful early childhood education is a consideration of context and making curriculum relevant. This accounts for the contrast in environmental education approaches. Play is seen as significant across both nations and creates a pleasurable learning experience that children can actively engage and learn in.In the future, it is likely that a worldwide trend to environmentalise early childhood curriculum will develop as educators see a growing need to develop sustainable thinkers for the future. References Department of Education, interlocking and Workplace Relations. (2009). Belonging, Being Becoming. The Early Years Learning Framework for Australia. Canberra, ACT Commonwealth of Australia. Edwards, S. and Cutter-Mackenzie, A. , (2011). Environmentalising early childhood education curriculu m through pedagogies of play. Australasian diary of Early Childhood v. 36 n. 1 p.51-59 Retrieved from http//search. informit. com. au/fullTextdn=185912res=AEIPT ISSN 1836-9391. Mead, H. G. (1995). Mind, Self and Society. From the standpoint of a social behaviorist. Lund Argos. (Cited in Sandberg Arlemalm Hagser, et. al. ) Sandberg, A. and Arlemalm-Hagser, E. , (2011). The Swedish National Curriculum play and learning with fundamental values in focus. Australasian Journal of Early Childhood v. 36 n. 1 p. 44-50 March 2011. Retrieved from http//search. informit. com. au/fullTextdn=185911res=AEIPT ISSN 1836-9391. Tysan Allen 43053157 ECH120.

Strategies to Control Sand Production

St browsegies to Control Sand ProductionCHAPTER 1INTRODUCTION 1.1 BackgroundFigure 1.1 Sand Production ProcessThroughout the years, there mother been incessantly developing and using various kind of back harbor applications in the germs to incorporate the sense output signal. However, it has been a vital role in the anoint and blow industry. In fact, it is very challenging to achieve greater results. Moreover, with todays technologies, the cost of operating is advanceder than before, the impact of good sense employment is difficult to be ignored. Moreover, that is not all the consequence of smooth institution in the closely, and it pull up stakes probably lead to various of the problem such as loss of integrity, causation the tumefybore to bust, and causing erosion of downwardlyhole and airf embrocate equipment. The fact is, it is a crucial activity during the product of anele and muck up. Here is why, in the vertebral column constitution fluid, it consists of gas, cover, and urine. It evoke flow with the mainstay, into the production intimatelys ar begetd through perforations into the well.Mostly, it leave alone touch restoreing scotchs to safety hazards in the well productivity. On the other hands, it is a major concern in the oil and gas industry. When the sand arrived is lifted up to the break through, sand idler damage surface equipment such as valves, pipelines, pumps, separators, and much. It is must be aloof from the produced fluids at the surface. Besides, sand flowing through the geological formation, leave behind collapse the casing and be slowing the production ramble.There be several problems cause by sand production. These problems include plugging the perforations, wellbore instability, mischance of sand crack completions, environmental effects, and erosion of downhole and surface equipment, pipeline blockage and leakage. These devastating consequences lead to more frequent well intervention an d workovers generating appendixal requires for sand disposal particularly in offshore and swamp locations. The impacts of sand production are nearly always ruinous to the short and long term productivity of the well.Sand surmount has always played a major role in oil production. Most of the oil and gas fields having the problem during sand production. Some of the wells produce from unconsolidated smoothtones that produce formation sand with reservoir fluids. Some reservoirs can produce several tons of sand in a day, and it is critical that the operators require downhole sand control in all sand prone wells. Sand occurs when the stresses of the formation exceed the strength of the formation. The formation strength is derived from the natural cementing material that binds the sand grains together. Sand grains are also held together by the cohesive forces caused formation taut unable to move. The stress of the formation sand grains is caused by many factors, such as tectonic a ctions, overburden shove, think pressure, stress changes from drilling, and the draw in forces of the producing fluids. When fluids are produced from reservoirs, stresses are imposed on the sand grains that tend to move them into the wellbore, along with the fluids produced. These stresses are caused by pressure difference in the formation, fluid frictional forces, and the weight of the overburden.In the sand prone reservoir, it has several methods of sand control which can be installed in production wells. So, it is important to determine the correct sand control proficiencys in each particular situation. For instance, we need to understand the behavior of different aspects of the sand formation in multiphase flow, in orders to help us to identify the sand formation. Thus, it provides us with the type of sand control completion to choose for production wells. As a matter of facts, it able to alter the behavior of the sand from the well we produced and to keep sand from entering the well along with the hydrocarbons. It depends on the characteristics of the reservoir.There are several techniques have been used for sand control in sandstone reservoirs. Moreover, to minimizing sand production from wells, such as maintenance and workover, gravel packing, sand desegregation, rate restriction, and more. In order, to prevent sand production it depends on different reservoir parameters and economic conditions. Therefore, sand exclusion methods are mandatory.1.2Problem BackgroundSand control is to minimizing the sand and fine production during petroleum production. Sand and fine produced with oil and gas can cause erosion of production facilities and equipment, resulting in production downtime, expensive repairs and potentially loss of containments.The cause of sand production is always damaging to the long productivity of the well. Although some of the wells are manageable for sand production. In addition, attempting to manage sand production well is not easy. T hey are many problems need to be the concern to operate the wells.To improve the mitigating sand production that exists in the oil and gas industry as the reservoir sits in sand-prone formation. The potential to produce sand in the formation increases as the reservoir has been depleted. It is a likely occurrence in production and injects wells because of the effective overburden pressure of the formation increases. Also as the production rate from the reservoir increases the fluid pressure gradient near the wellbore tends to draw sand into the wellbore. Increasing reservoir production rate raises the probability of reaching the reservoir boundaries.Problems that were usually shew in the sand formation especiallyUnconsolidated formations.Water breakthrough the transitional zone of formations. advanced consumption of reservoir pressure in formations.Unusual forces of the high lateral tectonic force in formations.Unpredicted change in flow rate1.2.1 Effects Sand Production The effects of sand production are often detrimental to the productivity of a well in the long run. Downhole equipment baron be blocked or damaged and surface facilities disabled.1.2.1.1 Erosion Of Downhole And Surface EquipmentWhen sand was produced in the formation at the high hurrying, it will erode the surface and downhole equipment. It will be leading to the frequent maintenance to replace the equipment. If the erosion is severe or occurs over a sufficient length of time, complete failure of surface and downhole equipment may occur, resulting in the critical safety and environmental problems as well as deferred production.High-pressure gas containing sand particles expanding through the surface give out is the most hazardous situation. For some equipment failures, a rig assisted workover may be required to repair the damage.Figure 1.2 Surface Choke Failure referable(p) To Erosion By Formation Sand (SourceCompletion Tech., 1995)Figure 1.3 Eroded Piston Head (Source Han Et Al., 2011)1 .2.1.2 Formation SubsidenceThe impact of producing sand formation, it can collapse the formation. As time goes by, a tremendous amount of sand will be generated, which will be creating a void at the casing. As more and more sand is produced, it will be made the void larger and larger.Furthermore, the void will collapse into it. Thus it decays the material. Most importantly, sand grains will compel a lower permeability in the formation with a wider area of grain sizes. It will lose the productivity of the sand production.1.2.1.3 Sand Accumulation In Surface EquipmentReservoir fluid will carry the sand up to the surface, with higher velocity production in the fluid. However, sand particles frequently inhabit in the facilities such as separators, heaters, pumps, and condensers. Plus, it will accumulate in these facilities, it is a must to be cleanup from time to time.Meanwhile, it will delay the production, and the well must unsympathetic down, and extras cost needed to be clean up th e wellbore production. Production sight of the separator will decrease if it fill up with sand. Similarly, it cannot handle gas, oil, and pissing.1.2.1.4 Sand DisposalIt constitutes a problem in formations producing sand especially in areas where there are stringent environmental constraints. Offshore do working systems that do not satisfy anti-pollution dominion the separated sand is to be transported onshore for disposal constituting additional production cost.1.2.2 Causes Of Sand ProductionRock strength and fluid flow are the elements that are affecting the factors that are affecting the tendency of the formation and the wellbore. Thus, sand particles consist of fine grain-size and load bearing solids formation in the production. Production rates are usually maintained at a consistent level so that it can avoid the production of the load bearing particles, but causing the production rates low.1.2.2.1 Production RateHigher the fluid of the pressure near the wellbore, thus the rate of production will be change magnitude, which will move the sand into the wellbore. Consequently, pressure differential and frictional drag forces will surpass the compressive strength in the reservoir.However, for wells that below the pressure differential pressure and frictional drag forces is not strong to exceed the exceed the compressive strength of the formation, therefore it causing sand production rate reduce. In order, to reduce the productions rate, it needs to slow it down at certain levels. So that, the flow rate will be within the acceptance range of the production of the well.1.2.2.2 Pore Pressure ReductionWhen the reservoir fluid in production diminishes, it causes the pressure and pore pressure to reduce. As it reduces, the production of the well will slowly deplete. Hence, by decreasing the pressure will generate the stress at the formation sand, it will make the overburden pressure to be increasing.Moreover, formation sand particles may be crushed or break l oose from its matrix at some time in reservoir life which could be produced along with the reservoir fluids. The formation might get back if the effective stress exceeds the formation strength due to compaction of reservoir didder from the reduction in pore pressure.1.2.2.3 Increasing Water ProductionWhen the peeing cut increased, sand production will increase as well. These occurrences can be explained by two mechanisms. Each sand grains were surrounded by the surface tension of the connate water, which are the cohesiveness to certain grains in the water wet sandstone formation. Besides, when the surface tension forces and the cohesiveness of grain-to-grain are reducing.Alternatively, the productions of the connate water will be produced. The stability of the sand arch perforation has been shown to be limited greatly by the production of water resulting in the production of sand.Whereas, an arch is a hemispherical cap of interlocking sand grains that is scheduled at constant dra wdown and flow rate preventing sand production (Jon Carlson et al., 1992). A second mechanism by which water production affects sand production is link to the effects of relative permeability. As the water cut increases, the relative permeability to oil decreases.This result in an increasing pressure differential being required to produce oil at the same rate. An increase in pressure differential near the wellbore creates a greater shear force across the formation sand grains. Once again, the higher stresses can lead to instability of the sand arch around each perforation and succeeding sand production (Completion tech., 1995).Figure 1.4 Geometry Of A Stable Arch Surrounding A Perforation (Source CompletionTech., 1995)1.3 ObjectivesThe main objectives of this research areTo explain the properties and importance of sand control required in bottom-hole production.To analyze the effectiveness of chemical additives in sand control.To estimate the effectiveness of system- apothegmdus t as a possible sand control material in the petroleum industry.1.4Problem StatementHow to increase the fluid velocity of the sand produced and increase the productivity of the sand production?How to determine the suitableness of chemical additive in sand control?How can tractile consolidation be custom engineered and manufactured in accordance to oil sands reservoir properties for optimal sand control?1.5Scope Of StudyTo complete the final year go through, the student is required to complete the final year project titled Evaluation of Clay-Sawdust Mixture in Sand Control Application. This project requires the fulfilment of few objectives of study that requires the student to learn the properties and importance of sand control required in bottom-hole production.The scopes of study that will be covered in this paper include several aspectsTo explain the properties and importance of sand control required in bottom-hole production.To analyse the effectiveness of chemical additives in sand control.To evaluate the effectiveness of clay-sawdust as a possible sand control material in the petroleum industry.To analyse the type of clay that found in the sand controlTo evaluate the alternate sand control method for sand production consolidation by injecting the chemical additive that will be ideal for the reservoir well.1.6Thesis Outline The thesis is divided into five chapters. Chapter one gives an mental institution and problem facing during production. It also states the objectives and defines the scope. Chapter two talks about literature review on the subject matter sand control selection, chemical sand consolidation, in situ formation consolidation, resin surface sand consolidation, permeability and porosity of reservoir. The methodology is discussed in chapter three. Chapter four focuses on results discussion. Chapter five gives conclusions and recommendations of the thesis.CHAPTER IILITERATURE retread2.1SAND CONTROL SELECTIONFigure 2.1 Sand Control TypeMa ny unconsolidated heavy oil and bitumen reservoirs require a sand control screen system to prevent sand particle influx into the wellbore to minimize surface casing erosion and environmental and remedial costs. It needs to justify the problems which related to the downhole sand control system and prediction the desired amount of the production rate in the reservoir of sand would produce.Sand production can be a significant issue when producing from unconsolidated reservoirs. Hydrocarbon production from unconsolidated sandstone reservoirs can plague with potentially erosive but mostly of the sand production. However, it will affect the movement of the formation sand causing it to re-orientation of the stresses and fluid velocityThe selection of the sand control method to be used in a reservoir depends on conditions of the reservoir field and economic considerations. Additionally, to determining which sand control techniques are suitable for the field. There are many different sand co ntrol methods each with pros and cons. Such as,Rate control or exclusionNon-impairing completion techniquesSelective perforation practicesScreens (without gravel packs)Slotted linersWire-wrapped screensPremium screensExpandable screensPre-packed screensGravel packsFrac packsChemical sand consolidationIn situ formation consolidationResin coated sand or gravel consolidation2.2CHEMICAL SAND CONSOLIDATIONIn chemical sand consolidation, there is two type of method. utilised It is being used where the possibility and size of the sand production are considered low and is one of the preventive technique to pumped before sand production initiated. The latter is considered as more of a remedial technique in the increasing sand production. Chemical consolidation is mostly being used in a short, perforated intervals.2.2.1IN SITU FORMATION CONSOLIDATIONFigure 2.2 In Situ Formation ConsolidationIn situ formation consolidation, it utilises by injecting resins liquid into the formation through the perforations and a catalyst is required for hardening. It will harden and forms a consolidated mass of the sand grains which sand grains will bind together at the contact points and increase its unconfined compressive strength. Certain catalysts are mix into the resin at the surface. Hence, it needed time and temperature to harden the resin.In this treatment need to be considered to performed through all the perforations, thus after the treatment, the well will be permeable and consolidation might not overlook with time. However, it can increase the compressive strength of the formation, so it will be sufficient to withstand the forces while during the production of the flow rates.Similarly, a suitable cementing job is a must for this method because to prevent the resin from channeling the casing. On the contrary, the perforation should not be treated at shaley zones because of the low permeability, and it is hard for the fluids to flow in place.In situ formation consolidation leav es the wellbore fully open. It is important where large outside diameter downhole completion equipment is needed. While in situ formation can be done through thermionic tube or in wells with small diameter casing.2.2.2RESIN COATED SAND CONSOLIDATIONThere is two different way of injecting resin coated sand consolidation down the well and into the perforation. So that, it will maintain the sand surface. Thus sand pack will be bind together as the resin coating become harden. Some of the sand left in the casing after the operation. Whereas, this method needs to be perforated in order, to clean out the sand and controlled the flow rate.Besides, resin coated include pumping sand into the well to filled the perforation and casing. Although, bottom hole temperature of the well will be causing the resin to complete the cure into a consolidated pack.After that, sand consolidation packs able to drilled out the casing and leaving the resin coated sand in the perforations. Some of the remainin g in the consolidation will act as a permeable filter to prevent the production of the sand formation, the uses of the resin coated are to prepacked sand screens.Despite, using resin coated can be complex. First, and most important, it requires that all perforations be filled completely with the resin coated sand, and the sand will cure. The perforations increasingly, as zone length and deviation from the vertical increase. Secondly, the resin coated with sufficient compressive strength. Nevertheless, it has poor longevity, as most wells do not produce sand free for extended periods of time.2.3PERMEABILITY OF RESERVOIRFigure 2.3 PermeabilityAbsolute permeability is the opposition to fluid flow in a porous media when it is the only fluid phase present. The permeability is a measure of the ability of the reservoir flap to lend fluid. It is the conductivity of the reservoir shake off (Gates 2012).If it takes a lot of pressure to squeeze fluid through rock, that rock has low permeab ility. If fluid passes through the rock easily, it has high permeability. Permeability is measured in the unit of milli darcy (one milli darcy is 1/1000 of a Darcy). The rate of oil and gas can decrease if there are decreases in permeability of reservoir sands. Interstitial water and clay content are what contains in reservoir sand. (Jiang, et al., November 10, 2010)After drilling progress in initiated the production of oil, water will infiltrate into the sand from drilling mud. The water will have less salinity compared to the pure original water. Swelling of clay particles is caused by the sugared water. Influence of driving pressure porous medium is a measure of the ease with which fluids may pass through the medium. The equation by which permeability to liquids may be calculated by laboratory measurements is (Equation. 2.1)This equation gives permeability, k, in Darcys if viscosity, u, is expressed in centipoises the rate of flow, Q, in cubic centimetres per second length, L, i n centimetres area, A, in self-colored centimetres and pressure differential, P1P2, in atmospheres. This equation, known as Darcys law, is also used to calculate gaseous permeability if the volumetric rate of flow is measured at spurious pressure.There will be no reactions between the flowing fluids because it is one of the limiting conditions for the constancy of permeability. Swelling when wetted with waters is due to the clay contain.2.4SAWDUST Figure 2.4 SawdustSawdust is a tiny-sized and powdery wood waste produced by cutting, grinding, drilling, sanding and slicing wood with a saw or other tools. The size of sawdust particles depends on the types of wood, which the sawdust is collected and the size of the saw teeth.Besides, sawdust is an effective, low-cost absorbent, which is widely used in many industrials. In addition, sawdust being essentially a lignocellulosic material is not easily deteriorated but rather motionless on recalcitrant in the environment, and rarely produ ces odour during its long-term biodegradation process (Terazawa et al., 1999 Zavala et al., 2005).Furthermore, benefits of using sawdust as a composite material are because it has desirable physiologic properties. Such as low apparent specific gravity(density), high porosity, high water retention, moderate water drainage, high bacteria tolerance, and biodegradability at an acceptable rate. For instance, sawdust composting process can be enhanced.2.5CLAYFigure 2.5 Kaolinite Clay Figure 2.6 Montmorillonite ClayFigure 2.7 Illite ClayClay is a fine textured earth, it is plastic when wet but hard and compact when dry. It being referred to as finest grain particles in a sediment, soil, or rock. Clay is a very fine-grained, unconsolidated rock matter, which is plastic when wet, but becomes hard and stony when heated. It has its origin in natural processes, mostly complex weathering, transported and deposited by sedimentation within geological periods.Clay is composed of silicon oxide (Si O2), Alumina (Al2O3) and water (H2O) plus appreciable concentration of oxides of iron, alkali and alkaline earth, and contains groups of crystalline substances known as clay minerals such as quartz, feldspar and mica.The mass of the oil and gas reservoir contains clay. Thus, these clay minerals such as montmorillonite, illite, and kaolinite mostly found in the rocks of oil and gas exploration. In the early age of oil exploration, clay minerals were studied to predict the quality of organic rick source rock and generation mechanism when scientists tried to investigate the origin of oil and gas (Grim, 1947, Brooks, 1952).At the same time, clay minerals were extensively analyses for diagenesis and reservoir quality prediction due to the application of petrological analysis and quantitative mineralogical analysis by X-ray diffraction (Griffin, 1971 Pettijohn, 1975 Heald and Larese, 1974 Bloch et al., 2002). On the other hand, it is important in oil sands. The particles will form adjace nt to sand grains, and it will be occupied by the interstitial water found together with oil sands.However, the cohesion of clay is larger than granular soils. Clay is less permeable than a sandy soil, and low water drainage. Hence, the pore pressure induced by an increase in load is dissipated very slowly, and the transfer of stress and the corresponding increase in inter-granular pressure are in like manner much slower. The dispersed of clay is free to travel within the reservoir thereby becoming mobile clays which can cause plugging of pore spaces due to migration.Therefore, deflocculation can occur due to low salinity-high pH, and natural repulsion forces due to not enough cations available. Once deflocculated, clay tends to migrate when the wetting phase becomes mobile. In addition to this, Clay swelling can be due to a salinity shock, where high salinity fresh water is introduced in a reservoir rock causing a shock to the system.Besides, montmorillonite clays can become mobil e and then migrate causing issues with plugging of the pore space of a reservoir rock due to it being anionic charged can form thin microfilms on the surface of the sand control.2.6POROSITY OF RESERVOIR Figure 2.8 PorosityThe porosity of rock is a measure of the capacity of reservoir rocks to contain fluids. Oil, gas and water are within the reservoir rocks that fluids were stored in the pore space. Higher capacities of reservoir rock it contains fluids, it has high porosity. Whereas, low porosity has low capacities reservoir rocks fluids contain.Therefore, porosity data are often employing qualitatively and quantitatively to determine and evaluate the potential volume of hydrocarbons contained in a reservoir.For instance, in a discovery well that shows the presence of hydrocarbons in the reservoir rocks, the set of data that is reviewed at least qualitatively to evaluate reservoir potential is porosity data acquired with either logging-while-drilling tools or by running wireline to ols.These data are collected directly from the measurements of the core sample and well logs. It was to predict the reservoir characterization for the classification of lithological facies, and the assignment of permeabilities using porosity-permeability transforms. The porosity of rock is a measure of its capacity to contain fluids.Porosity is calculated as the pore volume of the rock divided by its bulk volume. = = porosity Vp = pore volume and VB = bulk volume. Pore volume is the total volume of pore spaces in the rock, and bulk volume is the physical volume of the rock, which includes the pore spaces and matrix materials (sand and shale, etc.) that compose the rock.2.7FLOW RATEFigure 2.9 Fluid Flow Through WellboreThere is a critical fluid-flow rate beyond which the hydrodynamic force exceeds the binding forces holding fines particles together, and fines (For instance, the lower the flow rate, the better the retention (Ballard and Beare 2006). Production can be touched by non-o ptimized inflow distribution. Drawdown and plugging can be affected by asphaltene and wax precipitation due to temperature reduction, the high viscosity of produced oil, resins present, near-wellbore pressure drop and flow crossroad resistance created by the slotted liner (Trent 2005).Additionally, multiphase flow increases plugging potential and sand control issues. By depending on formation characteristics and multiphase flow, the interstitial flow velocity can either enhance or reduce near wellbore permeability (Bennion et. al. 2008). When only one phase flows in a reservoir, then there can be an allowable increase in the flow velocity to the slot more than if there is multiphase flow.Plugging and significant solids production occurs with the two-phase flow where water and oil flow since fines migration and transport only happens when the wetting phase is in motion in the porous media (Bennion et al. 2008). There is a critical fluid-flow rate beyond which the hydrodynamic force exceeds the binding forces holding fines particles together beyond which the fine started to move. A sudden increase in flow rate also could induce fines migration.2.8SURFACTANT wetter mostly uses in Enhanced Oil Recovery, and it is to improve the wettability of porous rocks allowing water to flow through them faster displacing more oil. Surfactant Flooding can improve oil production by decreasing interfacial tension, improving oil mobility thus allowing better displacement of the oil by injected water. (Chon, 2014)The surfactant can be used to lower the amount of chemical usage in the recovery process, and it can decrease the chemical concentration to below 0.5 percentage. Surfactant provides safer enhanced oil recovery products at lower price. The most effective surfactant derived from plants are sunflower oil, soy and corn oil. These oils are no hazardous and non-toxic. (Hirasaki, et al., 2011)CHAPTER IIImethodological analysis3.1INTRODUCTION The accompanying section clarifies a bout the technique utilized as a part of this exploration to assemble the important information. The information was to assess how clay-sawdust as a possible sand control material and could enhance by the surfactant for sand control applications.3.2CLAY There is three type of clay which ha